Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO)
Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) are a feature of the large-scale structure of the universe, providing a "standard ruler" that helps astronomers measure the expansion history of the cosmos. The term "baryonic" refers to normal matter, such as protons and neutrons, which make up stars, galaxies, and everything we see around us. The concept of Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations originated from the early universe, specifically during the epoch of recombination, which occurred about 380,000 years after the Big Bang. At that time, the universe was a hot, dense soup of particles, primarily electrons and protons. Photons (light particles) were constantly interacting with these charged particles through a process called Thomson scattering. However, as the universe expanded and cooled, electrons and protons combined to form neutral hydrogen atoms. This process, known as recombination, allowed photons to travel freely through space without constant scattering. The
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